![]() Based on our previous studies and others about this mushroom (TT) chemical properties, nutritional and health properties, and anti- Leishmania spp activity 11, 15, 23, 27, it attracted our interest to investigate its anti- T. gondii replication in vitro and an amelioration of experimental toxoplasmosis in vivo 26. In this study, the researchers observed a decrease in T. gondii activity is the study using the fungus Trichoderma stromaticum 26. The only study known in the field about fungus (mushrooms) anti- T. gondii tachyzoites growth in vitro, and its mechanism of action. However, no evidence existed about this mushroom effect on T. Others have also reported its extensive antitumor properties 24, 25. versicolor has been reported to have antiparasitic properties (e.g. Aside from its medicinal properties, it is rich in essential proteins, polysaccharides, sterols and their derivatives, bioactive sphingolipids, triterpenoids, and peptides, and has high antioxidants properties 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23. Trametes versicolor mushroom, which is classified as a polypore, has enormous medicinal uses globally 18. ![]() Plants, algae, and fungi-based extracts and their metabolites have been reported to have promising sources of anti-parasitic compounds that could be developed further as effective and safe anti-parasitic agents 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. As a result of the increasing of these numerous challenges and the rising seroprevalence rates in both domestic and wild animals, birds, and the increasing emergence of diseases that could pose weak immunity in humans, finding new nutraceuticals or compounds for further development against parasite co-infection becomes ever so important and necessary. ![]() However, this combination and others have been reported to have several toxicities issues, and treatment failure with the tachyzoites stage does not eliminate the slow-growing stage (bradyzoites) 6, 7, 8 and are expensive for poor communities 9. The most recommended drugs for the treatment of the fast-replicating form (tachyzoites) have been antifolates (i.e., pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine) 4, 6, 7. The most worrisome issue associated with this parasite is its increasing presence in food-bound meat/ and products of animals and birds 1. In the US alone, it has been estimated that over 40 million people may have been infected with this successful zoonotic parasite 4.Ī recent study has shown that felids the cat family have a seroprevalence rate ranging from 35 to 75% globally 5. According to the CDC, the parasite can cause health-threatening complications in pregnant women, their fetuses, and people with compromised immunity 4. gondii is considered as a neglected parasite, however, its infection in humans and animals contributes to public health, veterinary and socio-economic issues globally 1, 4. gondii infection is globally prevalent in humans and animals 1, 2, 3. Toxoplasmosis is an ocular, congenital, and neuroparasitic disease caused by a unicellular protozoan, T. Extracts were non-cytotoxic, even at higher concentrations. In conclusion, TT methanol extract made up of phytosterols, bioactive sphingolipids, peptides, phenolic acids, and lactones could be a promising source of new compounds for the future development of anti- Toxoplasma gondii drugs. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy depicted that TT extract and pyrimethamine (PY) caused a morphological deformation of tachyzoites in vitro. It was discovered that TT extract induced strong mitochondria superoxide and reactive oxygen species production and disrupted mitochondria membrane potential in T. ![]() We observed that TT extract inhibited tachyzoites growth with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (IC 50s), IC 50 = 5.98 ± 1.22 µg/mL, and 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC 50s), CC 50 ≥ 100 µg/mL. ![]() Similarly, we tested the effect of the extract on host cell viability. gondii tachyzoites growth using an RH-RFP type I strain that expresses red fluorescent protein throughout culture in a dose-dependent manner using a fluorescent plate reader. The methanol extracts of Turkey tail (TT) mushroom was tested against T. Furthermore, we evaluated the extract's effect on human foreskin fibroblast viability. gondii tachyzoites growth in vitro and possibly decipher its mechanism of action. This research was conducted to assess the higher fungi extract effect on T. gondii infection are limited in efficacy, safety, and affordability. gondii) infection continues to rise globally in humans and animals with high socioeconomic and public health challenges. ![]()
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